Preheat your oven to 190°C (375°F). Lightly oil your baking dish and set aside.
Using a sharp knife, slice the zucchini, eggplant, bell peppers, and tomatoes into about 0.5 cm (1/4 inch) thick rounds, ensuring all slices are uniform for even baking.
Begin layering the vegetables in the baking dish—start with zucchini, overlapping slightly, then add eggplant, followed by bell peppers, and finish with a layer of tomatoes. Repeat the layers until the dish is filled, ending with the tomato slices on top.
Sprinkle salt, pepper, and dried thyme evenly over each layer. Drizzle generously with olive oil, ensuring the vegetables are well coated, and scatter the sliced garlic across the top for aroma.
Cover the dish loosely with aluminum foil and place it in the oven. Bake for 40 minutes until the vegetables are tender and bubbling with fragrant juices.
Remove the foil and increase the oven temperature to 200°C (390°F). Bake uncovered for an additional 15-20 minutes, until the top is golden and caramelized edges form.
Check that the vegetables are fork-tender, and juices are bubbling around the edges. The aroma should be sweet, smoky, and herbaceous.
Allow the ratatouille to rest for about 10 minutes before serving. This helps the flavors meld and the dish to set slightly, making it easier to serve.
Garnish with fresh basil leaves and serve warm, paired with crusty bread or over rice for a hearty, rustic meal.