Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and grease a cake pan.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
In a separate large bowl, beat the butter and sugar until light and fluffy.
Add the eggs one at a time, then mix in the vanilla extract and mango puree.
Gradually add the dry ingredients and milk, mixing until the batter becomes smooth. Fold in the diced mango pieces.
Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan and spread evenly.
Bake for 35–40 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
Allow the cake to cool completely before slicing and serving.